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allotment gardening
An allotment garden (British English),〔The term "allotment" is not used in the United States to refer to these garden plots, as shown by the entries in the (American Heritage Dictionary ) and the (Cambridge American English Dictionary ).〕 often called simply an allotment, or a community garden (North America) is a plot of land made available for individual, non-commercial gardening or growing food plants. Such plots are formed by subdividing a piece of land into a few or up to several hundreds of land parcels that are assigned to individuals or families. Such parcels are cultivated individually, contrary to other community garden types where the entire area is tended collectively by a group of people.〔MacNair, E., 2002. ''The Garden City Handbook: How to Create and Protect Community Gardens in Greater Victoria''. Polis Project on Ecological Governance. University of Victoria, Victoria BC, Canada.〕 In countries that do not use the term ''allotment (garden)'', a community garden can refer to individual small garden plots as well as to a single, large piece of land gardened collectively by a group of people. The term ''victory garden'' is also still sometimes used, especially when a community garden dates back to World War II or I.
The individual size of a parcel generally ranges between 50 and 400 square metres, and often the plots include a shed for tools and shelter. The individual gardeners are usually organised in an allotment association, which leases or is granted the land from an owner who may be a public, private or ecclesiastical entity, and who usually stipulates that it be only used for gardening (i.e. growing vegetables, fruits and flowers), but not for residential purposes (this is usually also required by zoning laws). The gardeners have to pay a small membership fee to the association, and have to abide by the corresponding constitution and by-laws. However, the membership entitles them to certain democratic rights.〔Drescher, A.W., 2001. "The German Allotment Gardens — a Model for Poverty Alleviation and Food Security in Southern African Cities?" ''Proceedings of the Sub-Regional Expert Meeting on Urban Horticulture'', Stellenbosch, South Africa, January 15–19, 2001, FAO/University of Stellenbosch, 2001. ().〕〔Drescher, A.W., Holmer, R.J. and D.L. Iaquinta 2006. "Urban Homegardens and Allotment Gardens for Sustainable Livelihoods: Management Strategies and Institutional Environments". In: Kumar, B.M. and Nair, P.K. (Eds) 2006. ''Tropical Homegardens: A Time-Tested Example of Agroforestry''. Series: Advances in Agroforestry 3, Springer, New York.〕
==Socio-cultural and economic functions==
The Luxembourg-based ''Office International du Coin de Terre et des Jardins Familiaux'', representing three million European allotment gardeners since 1926, describes the socio-cultural and economic functions of allotment gardens as offering an improved quality of life, an enjoyable and profitable hobby, relaxation, and contact with nature. For children, gardens offer places to play and to learn about nature, while for the unemployed, they offer a feeling of doing something useful as well as low-cost food. For the elderly and disabled, gardens offer an opportunity to meet people, to share in activity with like-minded people, and to experience activities like planting and harvesting.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=What do we encourage? )〕
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